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DC vs. AC

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In the Current Electricity section, you learned about electric charge, current, voltage and other related topics. But, just because you have a voltage does not mean electric current will flow. Electrons also need a complete loop of conductive material to flow, called a closed circuit . Let's look at a light switch. When you turn the switch "on", the switch creates a path that conducts electricity and electrons start to move—meaning electric current flows—and the light turns on. As soon as you turn the switch "off", the path is broken and electrons can no longer flow. The switch is like a drawbridge; switching it on is letting down the bridge so the electrons can cross (just like cars crossing a bridge) and provide energy to the light bulb. Illustration of how electric current can move through a closed loop of conductive material (left figure) but stops flowing whenever the loop is broken (right figure). This figure shows how a light bulb l...
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Force, Motion, and Energy

Work: the force used to move something There are 2 basic types of energy:          A. Kinetic: the energy gotten from a moving object. A car going down a hill has kinetic energy.           B. Potential: energy waiting to be used (stored energy). A ball waiting to be dropped. The heavier an object is or the higher it is gives it more potential energy       Force: any push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change speed or direction Friction: a resistance to motion because objects are rubbing against each other.     Friction causes heat. Bike or car brakes use friction to slow them down. Inertia: when your body is riding in a car and the brakes are slammed on your body keeps moving forward that is inertia. Another example is when you are sitting on a sled and your dad jerks on the rope and you fall back (stay at rest) because of inertia. gravity: an unseen force that pulls two objects ...
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magnetism part 2

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Magnetic Fields  Force On A Current Carrying Wire In A Magnetic Field You will be familiar with the basic notion of a magnetic field , in which magnetic materials experience a magnetic force.  However it is worth revising some of the basic ideas that you will have come across in early secondary school. Revision Magnetic fields can be shown by field lines, which go from North to South. The field lines in a strong magnetic field are more closely packed than in a weak field. Unmagnetised materials are attracted to either pole. Like poles repel; unlike poles attract. In the Earth’s magnetic field, the North pole will align itself to point to the North, if the magnet is allowed to swing freely. The Earth has a magnetic field like a bar magnet.  Notice that the S-pole is under the North geographic pole.  Be careful not to be confused by ...
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